Mene ne abubuwan da ke cikin kyallen da aka saba amfani da shi?

Ana yin mafi yawan yarn ɗin da za a iya yarwa da su da waɗannan abubuwan asali:

1) Fim ɗin polyethylene ko na zane: Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin zanen baya, wanda ke hana ruwan zubar da ruwa daga zanen. Za a iya sanya zanen baya ya yi kama da zane, ta hanyar ƙara siririn polypropylene wanda ba a saka ba a fim ɗin, ta amfani da hanyar narkewa mai zafi ko hanyar zafi da matsi tare da fitar da kai tsaye zuwa ga wanda ba a saka ba. Sabanin yadda aka saba, zanen baya mai kama da zane ba zane ba ne - an yi shi da robobi. Ana iya amfani da kayan da ke kama da zane mai numfashi maimakon fim ɗin. Ba mutane da yawa sun san cewa ko da zanen da ke da ruwa mai milimita 200 na fitsari yana rasa ƙasa da kashi 2.5% na nauyinsa a cikin awanni 24 kuma wannan ƙafewar ta isa ta sanya zanen ya yi sanyi, wanda ƙila ba zai yi daɗi da daddare ko a lokacin hunturu ba.

2) Nama: Takardar nama ta musamman wacce ta bambanta da tabarmar bandaki ta yau da kullun kuma tana da ƙarfi mai yawa da kuma ƙarfin danshi wani muhimmin sashi ne na diaper. Nama yana aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar kushin (kushin shine tsakiyar shan diaper) kuma yana taimakawa rage ramukan fil da aka ƙirƙira yayin aikin matsewa da tsarin samar da ganga mai ci gaba ke gudanarwa. Wannan nama, yawanci gram 16/m2 (wanda kuma aka taƙaita shi da GSM) ko fiye, yana kare filastik na ciki daga ƙwayoyin da ke sha sosai. Maimakon nama, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da kayan SMS marasa sakawa marasa ƙarfi azaman mai ɗaukar kaya (don kushin), ana iya sanya shi kusa da takardar baya ko azaman kayan naɗewa cikakke a kusa da tsakiya. Domin mai ɗaukar SMS ya zama mai tsada idan aka kwatanta da takardar tissue, yana buƙatar ƙasa da GSM 12.

3) Narkewar Zafi: Ana amfani da su don manne sassa daban-daban na diaper, kamar kushin da roba. An yi su ne da cakuda resins, mai da tacifiers. Ana amfani da manne mai zafi a cikin siffar narkewa kuma idan ya huce yana ba da ƙarfin haɗin da ake buƙata don manne kayan. Mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da nau'ikan manne guda biyu: manne na gini, don zanen baya da waɗanda ba a saka ba, da manne na elastomeric, don robar kumfa ta ƙafa da kugu. Manne na elastomeric yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi na haɗin gwiwa kuma gabaɗaya ya fi tsada fiye da manne na gini. Lokacin da kushin diaper ɗin ya yi siriri sosai, ana amfani da wani manne na musamman da aka sani da "manne na pad integrity" don ƙara ƙarfi ga tsakiyar diaper lokacin da yake da ruwa. Wannan manne na inganci yana da amfani musamman lokacin da nauyin SAP ya wuce kashi 25% na jimlar nauyin kushin - watau lokacin da nauyin SAP ya fi kwata na nauyin kushin.

4) Ba a saka sinadarin Hydrophobic ba: Ana amfani da shi azaman saman zanen don maƙallan ƙafa; yana hana ruwa wucewa. An yi shi da polypropylene resin ba tare da ƙarin surfactants na saman ba. Maƙallin da ba a saka ba yana hana zubewa daga diaper. Ta hanyar shafa surfactant a wani yanki da aka takaita, yana yiwuwa a yi birgima na hydrophobic wanda ba a saka ba kawai yana da ɗan laushi. Wannan ana kiransa da tsarin Zebra kuma muhimmin fasali ne da aka tsara don guje wa zubewa yayin gina maƙallin ƙafa.

5) Ba a saka sinadarin Hydrophilic ba: Ita ce babban zanen saman, saman saman da ke taɓa fatar mai sawa. Yana ba da damar ruwan ya kwarara zuwa cikin tsakiyar zanen. Bambancin da ke tsakanin nau'ikan biyu marasa sakawa (philic da phobic) shine maganin surfactant da ake amfani da shi a cikin aikin. Maganin surfactant yana rage matsin saman wanda ba a saka ba, yana rage kusurwar hulɗa da ruwan kuma yana ba shi damar wucewa. Tsarin kwarara a cikin tsakiyar zanen yana hana ruwa komawa saman. Yawancin kayan da ba a saka ba da ake amfani da su a cikin zanen ana yin su ne da tsarin haɗa su, kodayake yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da kayan da ba a saka ba da zafi, waɗanda suke da laushi amma suna da ƙarancin juriya da ƙarfi. Hakanan ana iya amfani da kayan da ba a saka ba waɗanda suka fi tsayi.

6) Na'urorin roba: Ana amfani da shi don inganta dacewa da kyallen, wanda yawanci ana yin sa ne da kumfa polyurethane ko polyester, roba ta roba ko Lycra (wanda kuma aka sani da sunan Spandex). Ana amfani da su a cikin ƙugiya, don kugu da ƙafafu; ana iya amfani da su azaman bangarorin gefe da kuma a cikin ginin tef. Yawancin ƙugiya masu gasketing suna amfani da spandex don samar da hatimi ga ƙafafun mai sawa. Spandex na iya shimfiɗa har zuwa kashi 400% na tsawonsa na asali kafin ya karye, duk da haka yawanci ana amfani da shi ƙasa da kashi 300%. Sabbin tsararraki na kayan roba masu laushi da ƙarfi suna cikin bututun.

7) Tef ɗin gefe: A cikin kyawawan riguna, Velcro^RAn yi amfani da nau'ikan kayan aiki don samar da riƙo na inji, kuma ana kiransa da "tef ɗin ƙugiya". A cikin diapers masu rahusa, ana amfani da tef ɗin manne da aka yi da polypropylene. Sannan akwai sabbin nau'ikan Tef ɗin Velcro mara laushi. A cikin 'yan shekaru diapers masu tape na iya maye gurbin diapers ɗin wando tare da taimakon waɗannan sabbin tsarin ɗaurewa masu shimfiɗawa waɗanda ke ba da halaye iri ɗaya ga mai amfani amma suna da rahusa. Wasu Diyan Manyas yi amfani da abin da ake kira tsarin "tef ɗin da aka yi niyya", inda tef ɗin yana da shafuka biyu masu mannewa don guje wa buƙatar tef ɗin gaba. Wannan madadin ne mai rahusa don Diyan Manyas amma ba shi da kyau kamar wanda ke amfani da tef ɗin gaba wanda ba ya buƙatar sake sanya tef ɗin a saman abin da aka nufa.

8) Tef ɗin Gaba: Ana amfani da wannan don sauƙaƙe sake sanya tef ɗin gefe sau da yawa ba tare da yage zanen baya ba, an yi shi da fim ɗin polypropylene kuma an haɗa shi da manne a gaban zanen tare da manne. Amfani da shi ya taimaka wajen rage kauri na fim ɗin poly ba tare da haɗarin tsagewa da ke tattare da buɗe tef ɗin gefe daga zanen baya ba. A cikin zanen gado mai kyau, an ƙirƙiri tsarin madauki na musamman don amfani da maƙallan Velcro (wanda kuma ake kira tsarin "ƙugiya da madauki"). Wannan tef ɗin madauki na iya amfani da "madauki da aka kulle" ko "madauki da aka goge" don samar da laushi mai laushi ko riƙo mai ƙarfi. Sabon ƙarni na kayan da ba a saka ba ana sa ran za a tallata su, zai iya kawar da buƙatar tef ɗin gaba - za a yi amfani da duk takardar baya don sake sanya tef ɗin injina. Tef ɗin gaba na iya samun ƙira da aka buga wanda zai iya zama bazuwar ko daidaitawa, wasu haƙƙin mallaka na iya kare amfani da bugu mai daidaitawa a wasu kasuwanni.

9) Cellulose: Ana amfani da shi wajen gina kushin, yana ba wa kyallen kariya da kuma ƙarfin sha. Ƙarfin ɓangaren litattafan cellulose na yau da kullun shine kusan cc 10 na ruwa a kowace gram na ɓangaren litattafan idan kyallen yana cikin "ƙumburi mai sauƙi" amma ƙasa da cc 2 idan aka matsa masa 5 KPa na matsi; shi ya sa ake buƙatar kayan da ke da ƙarfi don riƙe ruwan a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Cellulose ya fito ne daga bishiyoyin pine, galibi ana samun su daga dazuzzukan da aka sarrafa sosai. Ruwan da ke cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ke shawagi a cikin sararin da ke tsakanin zaruruwa da kusurwar tashin hankali tsakanin zaruruwa da ruwa. Tsawon zaren da ake amfani da shi a cikin zanen kyallen kusan 2.6 mm ne. Madadin ɓangaren litattafan shine amfani da zaruruwa na roba da aka sanya a iska. Duk da haka, har yanzu yana da wahala ga kayan haɗin da aka sanya a iska su yi gasa da ɓangaren litattafan, sai dai idan samfurin kasuwa ne kuma kauri ya fi mahimmanci ga mai amfani (kamar yadda yake a wasu yanayi) Na'urar wanke-wanke ta tsaftas da kuma diapers na manya da mutane masu aiki ke amfani da su) fiye da farashin. Cellulose acetate, kayan da ake amfani da su wajen yin matatun sigari, an yi amfani da su a wasu kayayyakin sha. An kuma yi ƙoƙarin samar da zare na roba na PP don samar da tushen sha.

10) Tsarin Saye da Rarrabawa: An kuma san shi da takaitaccen ADL, wani yanki ne da ake amfani da shi tsakanin saman takardar da tsakiyar shan ruwa. Wani lokaci ana amfani da shi a tsayin daka amma galibi ana fifita shi azaman faci kusa da yankin da ake nufi inda fitsari ke da yuwuwar a ajiye shi. Wannan ƙaramin Layer ana buƙatar shi musamman lokacin da tsakiyar shan ruwa ya yi siriri sosai - ƙaramin Layer ɗin yana motsa ruwa cikin sauri zuwa tsakiyar shan ruwa kuma yana rage yuwuwar zubar ruwa. ADL yana da matuƙar mahimmanci don samar da jin bushewa ga fata, yana samar da ƙarin rabuwa tsakanin rigar kushin da fata. Ya kamata a yi amfani da ADLs duk lokacin da cakuda SAP a cikin tsakiyar shan ruwa ya wuce kusan kashi 15% ta nauyi ko kuma lokacin shigar ruwa yana buƙatar haɓakawa don guje wa zubar da diaper saboda tarin ruwa a cikin diaper. Ana yin ADLs ko dai ta hanyar iska mai ɗaurewa (TAB), zare masu lanƙwasa kamar a cikin pampers na P&G da wasu diapers na Ontex, ko wani nau'in "high loft" wanda ba a saka ba. An kuma yi amfani da fim ɗin buɗewa, wanda aka yi da fim ɗin filastik mai ramuka, cikin nasara a wasu kasuwanni. A wasu lokutan, ana amfani da auduga mai rahusa wadda ba a saka ta da resin ba, amma ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata.

11) Sodium Polyacrylate: Wanda kuma aka sani da super-absorbent ko "SAP" (polymer mai shan ruwa sosai), Kimberly Clark ta kan kira shi SAM (abin sha mai sha sosai). Yawanci ana amfani da shi a cikin tsari mai kyau (kamar gishirin tebur). Yana taimakawa wajen inganta ƙarfin riƙewa don ingantaccen riƙewa a cikin kyallen da aka yar, yana ba da damar samfurin ya zama siriri tare da ingantaccen aiki da ƙarancin amfani da ɓawon pine fluff. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na polyacrylate yana da ƙungiyoyin sodium carboxylate da ke rataye a kan babban sarkar. Lokacin da ya haɗu da ruwa, sodium yana cire kansa, yana barin ions carboxyl kawai. Kasancewar suna da caji mara kyau, waɗannan ions suna korar juna don polymer ya sassauta kuma ya sha ruwa, wanda ƙwayoyin sodium ke jawo hankali. Polymer ɗin kuma yana da haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke haifar da tsari mai girma uku. Yana da nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta mai yawa fiye da miliyan ɗaya; don haka, maimakon narkewa, yana taurarewa ya zama gel. Hydrogen a cikin ruwa (HOH) yana kama da acrylate saboda haɗin atomic da ke da alaƙa da ƙarfin polarity tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta. Electrolytes a cikin ruwa, kamar ma'adanai na gishiri (fitsari yana ɗauke da kashi 0.9% na ma'adanai), yana rage polarity, wanda hakan ke shafar halayen superabsorbent, musamman dangane da ƙarfin superabsorbent don riƙe ruwa. Wannan shine babban dalilin da yasa bai kamata a taɓa gwada diapers da ke ɗauke da SAP da ruwa mai sauƙi ba. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na layi ba su da cikakken ƙarfin da ya fi na kwayoyin halitta marasa layi amma, a gefe guda, riƙe ruwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta masu layi ya fi na kwayoyin halitta marasa layi girma, saboda ingantaccen polarity.

Ana iya tsara superabsorbent don ya sha ruwa mai yawa (tare da ƙarancin riƙewa) ko riƙewa mai yawa (amma ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki). Bugu da ƙari, ana iya ƙara mahaɗin giciye a saman barbashi don taimaka masa ya motsa ruwa yayin da yake cike. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen guje wa samuwar "bulogin gel", lamarin da ke bayyana rashin yiwuwar motsi ruwa da zarar barbashi na SAP ya cika.

12) Man shafawa na saman takardar: Domin ƙirƙirar sabbin abubuwa don bambance samfuran, ana ƙara man shafawa da yawa a saman takardar da ba a saka ba, da sauransu: Aloe Vera, Vitamin E, Petrolatum, Man Almond, Vitamin D, Cirewar Oat, Jojoba, da sauransu. Akwai wani salon amfani da man shafawa na kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (kamar sinadarai na ammonia ko silver salt compounds); duk da haka, likitocin yara da yawa ba sa amfani da shi saboda dalilai bayyanannu.

13) Fina-finai da aka yi wa ado da kuma alamun danshi: Don ƙarin bambance-bambancen samfura, wasu masu zanen kaya suna amfani da fim ɗin da aka yi wa ado a ƙarƙashin bayan gida mai kama da zane. Wasu suna amfani da tawada har zuwa tara tare da nau'ikan haruffa daban-daban kamar Disney, Sesame Street, ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa, da sauransu. Wani dabarar da suke amfani da ita ita ce alamar danshi. Wannan yawanci ana amfani da shi ga samfuran manya amma wasu Diapers na Jarirai amfani da shi kuma.